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Martin Heidegger

Martin Heidegger

Martin Heidegger Philosophy
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  • September 26, 1889
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Martin Heidegger (1889–1976) was a fascinating and controversial philosopher, known for both his highly original and challenging philosophical concepts, as well as his association with and sympathy for the Nazi Party during World War II.
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Ludwig Wittgenstein

Ludwig Wittgenstein

Ludwig Wittgenstein Philosophy
Though he published only one book in his lifetime, Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889–1951) was one of the most influential philosophers of his generation. The youngest son of a wealthy family, he was never comfortable with the academic environment where his ideas were so prized. By turns...
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Bertrand Russell

Bertrand Russell

Bertrand Russell Mathematics Philosophy
One of the foremost champions of analytic philosophy, Bertrand Russell (1872–1970) was an early 20th-century philosopher and pacifist. A prominent social critic, Russell wrote dozens of books, forming a vast bibliography that stands as one of the cornerstones of 20th-century philosophy. Remembered as much for...
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Friedrich Nietzsche

Friedrich Nietzsche

Friedrich Nietzsche Philosophy
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  • October 15, 1844
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German philosopher of the late 19th century, Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900) boldly and daringly challenged the foundations of Christianity, traditional morality, and other prevalent social mores. He was at the forefront of the existentialism, perspectivism, and nihilism movements that emphasized the importance of human individuality and freedom; discovery...
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William James

William James

Philosophy Psychology William James
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  • January 11, 1842
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WILLIAM JAMES (January 11, 1842 – August 26, 1910) American psychologist and philosopher. Main accomplishments: Considered the father of American psychology, he wrote “Principles of Psychology” (1890), one of the first comprehensive texts in the field. Developed the idea of “stream of consciousness” and “radical...
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Karl Marx

Karl Marx

Karl Marx Philosophy Politics
Political activist, philosopher, and revolutionary, the German-born Karl Marx (1818-1883) is arguably the most influential socialist thinker of the 19th century. His Communist Manifesto, co-authored with his collaborator Friedrich Engels, developed communist theory that became the cornerstone of a new political order that took root...
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Immanuel Kant

Immanuel Kant

Immanuel Kant Philosophy
One of the most important and most challenging philosophers of all time, Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) was the father of German Idealism and a lasting influence on philosophy and western thought to this day. Even though he had never left his hometown of Königsberg during his...
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David Hume

David Hume

David Hume Philosophy
Recognized as one of the most prominent thinkers of the Scottish Enlightenment, David Hume (1711–1776) was a great philosopher of human nature. His studies incorporated the relationships among religion, morals, and even economics. Throughout his life, his cynical atheism and controversial ideas—skepticism and empiricism among...
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René Descartes

René Descartes

Mathematics Philosophy René Descartes
The “Father of Modern Philosophy”, René Descartes (1596–1650) was one of the most prominent voices of the Scientific Revolution. A key philosopher of the 17th century, he developed a connection between algebraic logic and philosophical concepts—a practice that would eventually lead to the creation of modern philosophic...
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